PRODUCT DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT

Karl T. Ulrich, Steven D. Eppinger

co-citation neighborhood Posted 2018 · 9 years on the record

Quality on the academic Ledger

QaL

calibration-pending

Observed standing is 94.68th percentile in field & vintage. A calibrated QaL forecast is shown once this community passes the Layer-B back-test.

Reference class: co-citation neighborhood
187 papers it travels with · official headline

The NSF-bucket probability forecast appears for papers in a calibrated community.

Evidence behind the estimate — pulled from OpenAlex

5,552

Citations (total)

94.68%

Observed percentile (co-citation neighborhood)

Closed

Access

None

Retractions / corrections

9 yr

Age since posting

Engineering

Detected field (OpenAlex)

Read & cite — the Ledger points to the record; it does not host it

Read at source ↗DOI 10.4337/9781784718152.00017 ↗OpenAlex record ↗Google Scholar ↗Cited by (5,552) ↗

Status: indexed and QaL-estimated. Refereed and Canon tiers, endorsements, and discussion require the community layer and are not part of this MVP.